Tak jsem konecne dotukala esej o snech, co jsme meli na psychologii. A protoze jsem osoba extrovertni a nestydim se za sve sny ani jejich analyzu, tak ji dam sem volne k precteni. Cist se to nemusi, jen pro ty, co to zajima. A co umi aspon trochu anglicky :).
Sneni je me oblibene tema, tak mozna casem pridam nejake poznatky a pokud toho bude hodne, tak i rubriku. (Zrovna jsem vytvorila samostatnou pro komixy a eseje).
Taky jsem se chtela zeptat, jestli stojite o to, abych sem nakydala ostatni eseje, co jsem tu napsala. Obcas je to pekne nudny, ale nektery jsou docela vtipny (jako treba ta s instrukcema, jak si namazat sendvic :). Reakce prosim do komentu.
Konecne uz budu mit cas na nejaky to psani (doufam).
Tak aspon neco malo k nasledujicimu: Esej mela tri casti, ato snovy teorie, kde jsme meli napsat tri ruzny teorie o tom, proc lidi sni na tri stranky (kazda priblizne stranku) + nas nazor na kazdou z nich. Druha cast byl denik snu. To jsme meli zaznamenat pet nasich nebo cizich snu a pak se pokusit vysvetlit, proc jsme ten dany sen meli a jaky je jeho vyznam (a jaka by byla jeho interpretace autory predchazejicich teorii). Delka nebyla urcena, ale je se do toho tak zabrala, ze to ma sedm stranek (double spaced). Treti cast jsou zdroje, ktery sem davat nebudu, pokud si to nikdo nevyzada, jenom bych rada poukazala na knizku co sem nasla tady v knihovne a je dokonala. Asi nejlepsi knizka o snech a jejich pitvani, co jsem kdy mela v ruce. Jmenuje se The Dictionary of Dreams and Their Meanings a napsal ji Richard Craze, jestli vysla v cestine, tak vrele doporucuju. Ja se ji chystam precist celou.

Tot vse, tady to je:
Dream Theories
Sigmund Freud's Dream Theory
Sigmund Freud's theories were a breakthrough in understanding the way the mind works. Even though many people reject his ideas, they usually accept that he had an influence on modern psychology. Because of him dreams were once again taken seriously. Freud "discovered" the unconsciousness and described dreams like a "royal road" to their understanding. He applied his own personality theory in interpretation of dreams and their meanings. The theory says that people are basically selfish animals driven by aggressive urges and the desire for pleasure. Freud called this animal self; he refers to this part of psyche as the "id". Any experiences, thoughts and fundamental desires are called the "ego" and any of these experiences and feelings, which are too painful or that will contradict our self-image are being repressed as a taboo by the "superego". The superego is usually in conflict with the id. The feelings are being repressed and emotions unexpressed. Freud's approach to dream interpretation is to look for underlying meanings, which are behind the dreams. Freud's work on this subject, The Interpretation of Dreams, was published in 1990.
In his view, the purpose of our dreams is to allow us to satisfy in fantasies the instinctual urges that society judges unacceptable. He identified five processes brought into play during dreams: displacement, condensation, symbolization, projection, and secondary revision. He also based a therapy on this theory. It involved the discovery that repressed urges cause dysfunction. Patients were confronted with their real urges and desires and had to accept them as a part of themselves. Freud was using hypnosis to help in this therapy, but then he gave up that technique in favor of free association. In this method were ideas and words derived from the dream and freely associated without being censored. This technique forms the basic methods of psychoanalysis.
Carl Gustav Jung's Dream Theory
At the beginning, Carl Jung studied under Sigmund Freud and was in agreement with him about the importance of unconscious processes. But he became dissatisfied with Freud's theories and developed his own, where he proposed that dreams play an important part of the healthy function of psyche.
Freud's deterministic, and I would say pessimistic, view on the purpose of dreams shows us almost like machines driven by blind forces of sexual dissatisfaction over which we have just a little control and we just have to accept that fact. Carl Jung's theory is in big contrast with it. He believed that human beings posses the capacity for growth and fulfillment. The task and desire of everyone is to attain a harmony among all aspects of the psyche. Jung saw life essentially in terms of a spiritual journey and unconsciousness like a friend and guide on our way.
He said that the general function of dreams is to restore our psychological balance. The dreams are a way of communication between unconsciousness and consciousness and are alerting us to imbalances in our personality which need a change. The dreams represent the current state of a person's mind. By his opinion, they could also provide clues of future potential, which doesn't agree with Freud's more backward-looking perspective.
Unlike Freud, Carl Jung never published any systematic theory of dreams, because he believed that the meaning of dreams must be interpreted individually and subjectively. Instead of Freud's method of free association, his method, called "direct association", stayed focused on the symbol itself. The attention was again and again returning to the symbol. This should encourage the dreamer to explore all their associations with a particular image.
Another thing that didn't agreed with Freud's theory was a notice of dreams that don't fit in the category related with psyche of the dreamer. These dreams have no particular meaning for the dreamer himself but have universal symbols, which he called "archetypes". He related it to the fact of shared and "collective unconscious", the largest and deepest area of the psyche.
When I was reading about Jung's theory, I realized that it mostly agreed with my own dream theory and gave me some new ideas about which to think. I would like to read something more about him or read some books he wrote.
Crick- Mitchison's Random Noise Theory
Francis H. C. Crick is a famous scientist which made many important discoveries and received the Nobel Prize in medicine. He developed this dream theory together with Graeme Mitchison. They were widely using technological devices to prove their theory, but it stays speculative.
They proposed, that the purpose of dreaming is to remove undesirable interactions in the networks in the brain cells, which are produced by the brains growth and everyday experiences. Dreams let the brain "unlearn" the memories during REM sleep. This theory's basic idea is that dreaming is a weakening process; we "dream to forget".
If we wouldn't dream, the brain would produce "parasitical connections", which would imply that, if we block REM sleep, our memories would become more and more bizarre. If this theory is correct, then depressed people on antidepressants that block REM sleep would experience this memory impairment. However, people using these antidepressants report memory improvement rather than increased confusion in memory recall.
This theory had been so drastically modified by Crick himself, that very little of it remained at all. Since Crick and Mitchison formulated this theory, there wasn't made any other evidence that would support the presence of parasitical connections. That is something known only to occur with computer networks.
I think, that they were studying too much what technology tells them, rather then studying human experiences. They were trying to develop a dream theory, which would have a strong support in measurements that can't be disputed, but they were heading a wrong way. Technology could be useful in explanation why we dream, but they built the theory on wrong ideas.
Dream Analysis Diary
My Dream # 1; dreamed 08/27/2008
This dream started in an empty dark room with just one door, where I appeared. I realized that something was following me and it was coming from the upper corner of the room. I didn't see it, nor hear it yet, but I felt shaking. The almost unnoticeable shaking wasn't only in the walls, it was in all the place, all the dream. I knew that everywhere around was a darkness and if I would be caught, it would swallow me. I felt that the place was unstable, like a card-house and it could fall any minute into the darkness. I ran through the door and slammed it hard. There was another room, looking almost the same as the room before and after it another. I continued running through the rooms. They were all dark, tiny, with a distant top wall and their only purpose was to hold the doors. I still felt the enemies coming. After a while, I realized that I was running in circles. I saw through it at once and I knew that running was not the way out. I saw the enemy; it was only a few meters distant. It was a lot of small swarming black things. It reminded me sometimes of spiders, sometimes of other bugs, or just little fluffs of darkness and it could go through the walls. I strongly thought about some better place and opened the door.
There was a green grassy hill, an absolute contrast of that dark and claustrophobic place. I slammed the door and left everything behind. All of a sudden I was with my sister and two other friends and we were walking down the hill. It appeared to be a park which I knew from my childhood, only this one looked the way I always wanted to see it. Everything was bigger, greener and I felt happiness all around-- all the place was talking to us. But it didn't last for a long time. I saw another enemy coming. They looked like emus and I was angry at them as they were disturbing that beautiful place. We climbed a telephone pole to be safe. One of the friends jumped down and said that she didn't want to be with us any more. They almost caught us but then came a gorgeous, majestic deer which took us back to the door.
I was back in the room-maze and it was following me again. I knew that it didn't want to harm me, that it only needed some help from me. Still, I couldn't stop. I was too afraid. Then all the place broke! What I feared at the beginning was happening. I began to fall. Cards, instead of walls were everywhere around me. I was falling headfirst until I saw ground. The ground was nearer and nearer and in the moment I would hit it I woke up all of a sudden and was out of breath.
After I read the book The Dictionary of Dreams and Their Meanings, I changed my opinion on the nightmares that I had the first month here in America. The things that were trying to catch me in my dreams were nothing really bad. They were just things I was rejecting to accept-- fears and conflicts, or they were calling for help or attention. I believe that dreams are signals of our mind, which are difficult to access directly, while nightmares are something like alarms from our unconscious mind that something is going on in our lives, of which we need to become more aware.
The door- maze meant that I was getting lost and it's purpose was to help me find a way out of the confusion in my waking life. I finally did find it in my dream, but I got back in there later again.
The fall was a symbol of losing something or something in my life being reduced. I would put this in addition with fear of losing everything I gained during the last years that I am here. For example, the loss of my friends (I experienced that in my dream too), or loss of control over some things or situations. Freud would describe the falling as succumbing to sexual temptation.
The cards- walls meant for me a loss of stability and support (which would be probably mental) but also the loss of the prison and barriers which were surrounding me. That could be a signal that I didn't have to worry about anything and to put off all the frustrating thoughts. The cards didn't have the appearance for any specific purpose or symbolic; that was just because I was reading Alice in Wonderland at that time.
The animals in my dream Freud would describe like an unbridled passion or sexual fears.
My Dream # 2; dreamed 11/05/2008
It was a normal day until I realized that I didn't have my ears. I touched my head and instead of mine, there were big, gross, hairy ape ears. I started to panic and to scream that I wanted my ears back. I was on a desert oasis in Morocco and I found a typical market there. Then I saw the man which I knew had stolen my ears. I told him that I wanted my ears back but he rejected that he had them. I was urging him until he admitted that he had them and he started to bargain for the price. But all the things he wanted to exchange them back for weren't in my ability to get or were other parts of my body. I was absolutely miserable and cried that I would never get my ears back. Then I woke up, realized that I still had my ears and I felt happy.
I think that this dream is a lot about my actual feeling about English and my native language. I came to the state when I understood almost everything people say in English, so this seemed like a dream which signified that there was a rapid change that occurred during the last months. In the dream I was rejecting the ears and I didn't want them any more. This could mean that I was afraid of the change or I wanted things back but I didn't want to think about it in my conscious state. The middleman would mean the price I had to pay for it.
The desert was probably a symbol of never ending options which I have around me. When I "had those ears", I didn't see the desert until I realized that I had them. It could also mean that I was getting lost in those options, or that I was lonely (what I really felt I was). The oasis was supposed to mean that some of my emotional needs might require immediate attention and I needed a vacation. I would agree with that because when I look back, I was going through a hard time with my emotional attitudes, but I didn't want to accept them.
My Dream # 3; dreamed 12/18/2008
This dream began when I got on an old moped with my aunt. We were driving very fast and we met my sister Viki driving hers, which had some problems with it. We ended up on a miniature railroad and had to make felted sheep, that we put in some of the goods trains.
Suddenly, I woke up to another dream. Viki was shaking me and saying that we have to go to dad's birthday party, where everybody had to bring some food to enter. Everywhere around was plenty of food, which looked wonderful but I wasn't hungry! There were also many people, with whom we are no longer in touch. Then the guards kicked out my dad because he didn't bring any food. I took a piece of a pistachio bread and woke up to another dream with the bread in my hand.
In this dream I was hungry and I was in my room in a flat where we don't live any more. Next to me was sitting one classmate from middle school. I told him that I didn't have time to talk with him, that I had to work on a five-page essay about making felted sheep, which is due tomorrow. I was stressed and he was bothering me all the time I was writing. I told him not to bother me any more, that I'm going to wake up and write down this dream for this essay.
The reason I had this dream was, that I was stressed and I didn't know what to do first. It was confusing and exhausting, such as my dream. We were driving the moped very fast and that was because of the tempo of all the things and situations surrounding me. In the dream was also reflected my disappointment that I was experiencing in some ways. The confusion implicated the fact of "dream in a dream".
Healthy food in a dream is supposed to mean, that I am obsessed by some diet and weight control. In my case the food wasn't really healthy, so I think that it appeared there, because I was eating during the christmas break much more than normally and thinking of food and hunger more, too.
The essays and things I had to do were the assignments that I had to do, but I couldn't force myself to start working on it. I also watched Babel a couple days before this dream, so this was the reason of more stories that have some symbol which is shared with each other.
My sister was really having some problems in her life and I was thinking about it, when I was dreaming. This reflected itself like problems with the moped she was driving.
My Dream # 4; dreamed 12/19/2008
It was a first day of school and I entered my new school. I met my friends, who were waiting for me by the lockers. They were all weirdly dressed. One girl was wearing a Mickey Mouse T-shirt and all my clothes were short, pink, white and fluffy. We went upstairs and met a principal who told us that we are late and sent me to the library, which I didn't know where it was. I was walking around the huge school, absolutely lost and alone. I met my friends again and realized that this was not supposed to be my dream. They are someone else's friends and the school and the clothes I was wearing were not mine.
I ended up in a forest, where we were collecting some berries and mushrooms with my grandma and the whole family. When we had enough, we went back to the village where we had our car. My grandma was saying all the way back that she had a ladder on her tights and she was drunk.
This dream was again about being lost, this time together with strangers. Strangers could present some aspect of myself of which I have to be aware. So I have to be aware of my weirdness. From a Freudian perspective, they symbolize meeting a part of my own psyche, or shadow self.
The principal was a symbol of power, authority and status, but I can't say what it has to do with me right now. Maybe I will find out later.
The trees which were surrounding us are a symbol of power of nature, growth, age and experience. In my case it would be the experiences, that I am gaining. I think that I had put my family to the dream, because I miss them and this was one of the ways to meet them and be more with them. I was talking to my grandma a couple of days before this dream, but in real, I never saw her drunk.
I tried Jung's and Freud's association methods for analyzing the mushrooms and berries. From a free association I got a solution, that the mushrooms mean, that I have to look more for a hidden meaning. From a direct association, the berries would mean for me positive thinking.
Vicky's Dream; dreamed 01/03/2009
"It all started on a college campus. My husband was finishing up his degree while I had no idea what I wanted to study. All of a sudden, I ended up on an archeology trip to Iraq, where a professor and I had to dig up artifacts from Saddam's Palace. Only it was underground and suddenly we were followed by Ninja-Vampires. It turned into a breathless chase through empty rooms. The professor I was with turned into Hulk Hogan and escaped. By much luck, I ended up back in the college's library. I started talking to the librarian (an old, gray- haired man) how I could not make up my mind about what I wanted to do in life:
Me: "So can you tell me what I should choose: Psychology, Physical Therapy, or Physics?"
Librarian: "How am I supposed to know? You need to know that!"
Then I woke up."
Vicky was pretty sure about what mean some of the situations of the dream. She dreamed about the dialogue with the librarian, because her father wants her to start studying again, but she's not sure if she wants to, and if she does, than she doesn't know what to pick. This mental struggle was reflected in her dream.
The other characters probably appeared in her dream, because she watched a lot of TV during the Christmas. More important would be probably the setting. The chase through empty rooms would have similar meaning as mine, and that means that she needs some help to solve some situation in her life; the rooms could mean that she's experiencing changes of periods of life. The underground setting means, that Vicky has some subconscious issues that have been kept under wraps. The retrieved items mean a readiness to bring them back up to surface.
Don't have a lot of money to buy some real estate? Do not worry, just because that's real to get the <a href="http://goodfinance-blog.com">loan</a> to resolve all the problems. Thence take a term loan to buy all you require.